Splenectomy
What is a Splenectomy?
A splenectomy is performed to remove the spleen when it becomes damaged, diseased, or poses a risk to the patient’s health. While the spleen is important, it is not essential for survival, as other organs like the liver and bone marrow can take over many of its functions.
Types of Splenectomy
- Laparoscopic Splenectomy:
- Minimally invasive surgery using small incisions and a laparoscope (camera).
- Benefits: Faster recovery, less pain, and minimal scarring.
- Open Splenectomy:
- Traditional surgery with a larger incision.
- Used for complex cases, such as a ruptured or significantly enlarged spleen.
Recovery
- Preparation:
- Pre-operative tests, including blood work and imaging.
- Vaccinations to prevent infections post-surgery (e.g., pneumococcal, meningococcal, and Haemophilus influenzae type B vaccines).
- Surgical Steps:
- General anesthesia is administered.
- The spleen is carefully removed, and the area is inspected for bleeding or complications.
- Incisions are closed with sutures or adhesive strips.
- Post-Surgery Care:
- Monitoring for complications like bleeding or infection.
- Pain management and gradual return to normal activities.
Risks and Complications
- Infection due to reduced immune function.
- Bleeding or blood clots.
- Injury to nearby organs.
- Long-term risk of severe infections (overwhelming post-splenectomy infection, or OPSI).
Life After Splenectomy
- Patients can live a normal life but must take precautions to prevent infections.
- Regular vaccinations and prompt treatment for illnesses are essential.
- Antibiotics may be prescribed for certain situations.
Splenectomy
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